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Introduction
While the economic hegemony of the United States is contested by a group of States, dollarization continues to prevail in international trade (Ponsot 2019). The Russian-Ukrainian conflict has further divided the world, as during the Cold War, slowing down the global economy. The redefinition of political and economic relationships tends towards the multipolarity of the world, required by an organization bringing together countries with strongly emerging and competitive economies (Santander and Arès 2009). The BRICS grouping firstly Brazil, Russia, India, China, then South Africa and since January 1, 2024, Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, appear and advocate a discourse that gradually captivates the international community. The summit held in August 2023 between these countries only reinforced their geopolitical and geoeconomic positioning for the balance of power, the “de-dollarization” of the world economy, but also the enlargement of the organization (Vercueil 2023). Geopolitics, which is defined as all the power rivalries over territories and over the people who are there, allows us to have a look between this group and the Western space (Lacoste 1993). Geoeconomics, for its part, is only a modern and updated way of characterizing the “economic war” which is raging in the 21st century (Lorot 2009).
In a context of affirmation of emerging powers on the international scene, this article aims to highlight the new world economic order under the BRICS, in the redefinition and positioning of international geopolitical and geoeconomic relations. It is then necessary to return to the context of the creation of BRICS, to easily highlight the reasons for its expansion and finally, to determine the prospects linked to the presence of this bloc on a global scale.
CONCLUSION
With regard to the countries which wanted to join the group of newly developed countries and those which were retained, this gives us the propensity to think that many countries in the world are those which no longer find satisfaction in the current international system to preserve their interests. This thus offers an opportunity for the newly formed group, the “BRICS+”, to gain notoriety. No one doubts that it will be very decisive in trying to reverse the current paradigm, particularly on the financial level and the governance model, which is highly criticized. However, the strengths of this growing group will come up against resistance from the Western bloc which will be keen to preserve its supremacy. The fight against the US dollar will certainly be the longest. In this merciless struggle, the winner will have all the assets in his possession to impose his will on the rest of the international community, which will not be limited only to the economic, financial and political aspects. All spheres useful for demonstrating its domination will be called upon to contribute.
